r/Anarchism • u/cumminginsurrection • 17h ago
Old Detroit Free Press depiction of anarchist Maria Nikiforova
Once the most wanted woman in the U.S.S.R., the orphaned bottle worker and bandit turned anarchist militant Maria "Marusha" Nikiforova was founder of and tactician for the anarchist Black Army. After a period in Paris and Barcelona getting gender affirming care and robbing banks, Maria returned to Russia on the brink of revolution. In a time when even in far left circles women were often relegated to the sidelines, Maria refused these limitations and rose to achieve great respect and loyalty both from her comrades and the Ukranian people at large, and great contempt from Bolsheviks, nationalists, and capitalists. Mobilizing a volunteer army from a mix of anarchists and disaffected workers, Maria and her comrades lived collectively together in a caravan travelling the Ukranian countryside and redistributing wealth and arms from the rich and the police to the poor and working class people in each town they passed through. What began as a ragtag group of horses and derelict wagons, later moved onto an armored train they seized. Riding the snow covered valleys of Western Ukraine, they sent fear into the hearts of the bourgeoisie and governments of each town they passed through. Marusya was arrested many times by both the nationalists and Bolsheviks, and on more than one occasion people successfully stormed local jails to release her. In 1919, she was finally executed by the White Army who feared her escaping yet again. Though she had been a mentor and inspiration to Nestor Makhno, because she died in the war and undoubtedly because she was a woman, she was largely forgotten. Her caricature would go on to be used by the Bolsheviks to smear anarchists as greedy, power seeking bandits; though in practice she was neither; she was someone who lived and died altruistically and uncompromisingly opposed to hierarchy.
